The idea that dementia is sometimes referred to as "diabetes of the brain" stems from growing evidence suggesting a link between type 2 diabetes and the development of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of dementia.

Here are a few reasons why this connection is often discussed:

• Insulin Resistance: Both type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease involve insulin resistance. In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Similarly, in Alzheimer's disease, there is evidence that the brain becomes resistant to insulin, impairing its function.

• Inflammation: Chronic inflammation is associated with both type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Inflammation can damage blood vessels and neurons, contributing to cognitive decline and the progression of dementia.

• Blood Vessel Damage: Diabetes can damage blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the brain. Reduced blood flow to the brain can contribute to cognitive impairment and increase the risk of dementia.

• Shared Risk Factors: Type 2 diabetes shares many risk factors with Alzheimer's disease, such as obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. These risk factors can contribute to the development of both conditions.

• Glycation: Diabetes can lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are harmful compounds that can accumulate in the brain and contribute to neurodegeneration.

• Brain Insulin Resistance: Research suggests that insulin plays a role in regulating neurotransmitter levels and supporting cognitive function. When the brain becomes resistant to insulin, these processes are disrupted, potentially contributing to cognitive decline.

While the link between type 2 diabetes and dementia is becoming increasingly recognized, it's important to note that not everyone with diabetes will develop dementia, and not everyone with dementia has diabetes. However, managing diabetes effectively through lifestyle modifications and medication may help reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, and cognitive stimulation, can benefit both brain health and overall well-being.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246646/